{"id":4796,"date":"2023-02-22T22:21:16","date_gmt":"2023-02-22T21:21:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.oseido.tech\/?p=4796"},"modified":"2023-04-10T22:36:11","modified_gmt":"2023-04-10T20:36:11","slug":"exploring-the-current-state-of-membrane-water-treatment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.oseido.tech\/index.php\/en\/2023\/02\/22\/exploring-the-current-state-of-membrane-water-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Exploring the current state of membrane water treatment"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4796\" class=\"elementor elementor-4796\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6a120f1a elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6a120f1a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4e37094c\" data-id=\"4e37094c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5549e1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5549e1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Les technologies \u00e0 base de membranes sont essentielles pour l'avenir du traitement de l'eau et la production durable d'eau douce.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2393302 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2393302\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<p>La \u00a0recherche sur les mat\u00e9riaux de membranes avanc\u00e9s offre des perspectives prometteuses, car elle vise \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la fonctionnalit\u00e9 des membranes pour r\u00e9pondre aux d\u00e9fis et aux opportunit\u00e9s auxquels la communaut\u00e9 mondiale est confront\u00e9e vis-\u00e0-vis de la production d&rsquo;eau durable et rentable.<\/p>\n<p>De quelle mani\u00e8re les techniques telles que les mat\u00e9riaux membranaires avanc\u00e9s, les membranes biomim\u00e9tiques, les syst\u00e8mes hybrides, l&rsquo;osmose directe et la distillation membranaire sont utilis\u00e9s pour am\u00e9liorer la production afin de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 l&rsquo;augmentation des besoins en eau ?<\/p>\n<p>Selon les Nations Unies, plus de 748 millions de personnes n&rsquo;ont pas acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une source d&rsquo;eau potable et la demande en eau de l&rsquo;industrie devrait augmenter de 400% entre 2000 et 2050 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale.<\/p>\n<p>Les estimations pr\u00e9voient que la moiti\u00e9 de la population mondiale souffrira de graves p\u00e9nuries d&rsquo;eau d&rsquo;ici 2050. Cette situation sera aggrav\u00e9e par la croissance de la population mondiale, qui devrait passer de 7,6 milliards d&rsquo;habitants \u00e0 9.8 milliards en 2050.<\/p>\n<p><b>Les besoins en eau douce et la gestion des eaux us\u00e9es vont augmenter de fa\u00e7on exponentielle.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;industrie du traitement de l&rsquo;eau doit d\u00e9velopper de nouvelles m\u00e9thodes de traitement pour augmenter la ressource. Les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s \u00e0 base de membranes et le dessalement sont des technologies qui permettront de relever ces d\u00e9fis.<\/p>\n<p>Le dessalement augmente consid\u00e9rablement la quantit\u00e9 d&rsquo;eau disponible pour la production d&rsquo;eau potable; le dessalement par membrane et les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s thermiques sont les m\u00e9thodes les plus courantes.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;\u00e9nergie repr\u00e9sente le co\u00fbt le plus important du dessalement, allant jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 la moiti\u00e9 du co\u00fbt total de la production d&rsquo;eau douce. En effet, les ressources d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie et d&rsquo;eau sont intimement li\u00e9es puisque 7 % de l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie consomm\u00e9e dans le monde est utilis\u00e9e pour produire de l&rsquo;eau douce.<\/p>\n<p>Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, l&rsquo;\u00e9nergie n\u00e9cessaire au dessalement a consid\u00e9rablement diminu\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce au d\u00e9veloppement de pompes plus efficaces, des dispositifs de r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie, de la configuration des processus et des membranes. En comparaison aux proc\u00e9d\u00e9s thermiques, les technologies de dessalement par membranes pr\u00e9sentent l&rsquo;avantage d&rsquo;avoir des besoins \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques comparativement faibles.<\/p>\n<p>Ils sont bas\u00e9s sur des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s tels que l&rsquo;osmose inverse (RO), l&rsquo;osmose directe (FO), l&rsquo;\u00e9lectrodialyse et la nanofiltration (NF)<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f8032f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3f8032f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"580\" height=\"379\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oseido.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/oseido-visuel-paysage-grd-03-1024x669.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3479\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oseido.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/oseido-visuel-paysage-grd-03-1024x669.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.oseido.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/oseido-visuel-paysage-grd-03-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.oseido.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/oseido-visuel-paysage-grd-03-768x502.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.oseido.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/oseido-visuel-paysage-grd-03-1536x1004.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.oseido.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/oseido-visuel-paysage-grd-03-1200x785.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.oseido.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/oseido-visuel-paysage-grd-03.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acdaba2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"acdaba2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: var( --e-global-color-c696dce ); color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-size: inherit; letter-spacing: -0.015em; text-align: inherit;\"><b>Il existe de nombreuses formes de s\u00e9paration par membrane qui reposent toutes sur le m\u00eame principe de s\u00e9lectivit\u00e9,&nbsp; permettant le passage diff\u00e9rentiel d&rsquo;une mati\u00e8re, en fonction de la relation entre les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s physiques et chimiques de la mati\u00e8re.<\/b><\/span><br><\/p>\n<p>Le passage des solut\u00e9s \u00e0 travers la membrane est r\u00e9gi par une convolution de leur taille, de leur charge, de leur activit\u00e9 et de leurs propri\u00e9t\u00e9s. Le mat\u00e9riau de la membrane d\u00e9termine l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 du processus de s\u00e9paration et est l&rsquo;objet de nombreuses recherches.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 d&rsquo;un proc\u00e9d\u00e9 membranaire est compromise par l&rsquo;encrassement de la surface des membranes, qui est dans de nombreux cas in\u00e9vitable pour les mat\u00e9riaux trait\u00e9s, et impose des contraintes \u00e9conomiques \u00e0 l&rsquo;adoption de la technologie membranaire pour le traitement de l&rsquo;eau.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;encrassement est fonction des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de surface de la membrane et de ses interactions avec les composants des eaux \u00e0 traiter. Le d\u00e9p\u00f4t d&rsquo;une couche d&rsquo;encrassement entra\u00eene des modifications des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s chimiques et physiques de la membrane qui doivent \u00eatre trait\u00e9es par des nettoyages r\u00e9guliers. Cela a un impact \u00e9conomique et est un probl\u00e8me s\u00e9rieux pour les usines de dessalement par osmose inverse.<\/p>\n<p>De nombreux proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de pr\u00e9traitement conventionnels ne parviennent pas \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger l&rsquo;usine des mati\u00e8res biologiques pr\u00e9sentes dans l&rsquo;eau et qui entrainent la formation de biofilms. Ils compromettent l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 de la membrane et sont difficiles \u00e0 \u00e9liminer. Il existe un besoin de strat\u00e9gies de pr\u00e9traitement des membranes afin de r\u00e9duire l\u2019adh\u00e9rence des mat\u00e9riaux et obtenir une meilleure robustesse chimique et m\u00e9canique.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;entartrage est un autre probl\u00e8me qui affecte souvent les installations et se produit lorsque la concentration en sel devient satur\u00e9e et forme des cristaux sur les surfaces de la membrane.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;industrie a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 trois techniques pour att\u00e9nuer ce probl\u00e8me. Il s&rsquo;agit de l&rsquo;ajout d&rsquo;antitartre, de la modification des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l&rsquo;eau d&rsquo;alimentation et de l&rsquo;optimisation de la conception du proc\u00e9d\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>La m\u00e9thode de pr\u00e9vention la plus utilis\u00e9e est l&rsquo;ajout d&rsquo;un antitartre en raison des limites des autres m\u00e9thodes.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;acidification est utilis\u00e9e pour ajuster le pH des eaux d&rsquo;alimentation afin de modifier la solubilit\u00e9 du tartre mais en veillant \u00e0 ne pas favoriser la formation de tartre sulfat\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Les fluctuations de l&rsquo;alimentation du pr\u00e9traitement vers une unit\u00e9 de dessalement contr\u00f4l\u00e9es en termes d&rsquo;indice de densit\u00e9 de la vase (IDV), ont \u00e9galement un impact sur l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 du processus avec la consommation de produits chimiques pour le coagulant et l&rsquo;ajustement du pH et l\u2019obstruction des filtres \u00e0 m\u00e9dia.<\/p>\n<p>Les processus de pr\u00e9traitement conventionnels peuvent \u00eatre sensibles aux changements dans la qualit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;eau de mer brute avec des variations saisonni\u00e8res dues aux conditions climatiques.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 traiter les eaux d&rsquo;alimentation avec un SDI extr\u00eame entra\u00eene une grave d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration des membranes d&rsquo;OI. Afin de mieux g\u00e9rer les fluctuations de la qualit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;eau d&rsquo;alimentation en termes de pH, temp\u00e9rature, alcalinit\u00e9, mati\u00e8res organiques naturelle et de turbidit\u00e9, le pr\u00e9traitement des usines de dessalement peut \u00eatre modifi\u00e9 en changeant l&rsquo;ajustement du pH et les taux de dosage de coagulant, ainsi qu&rsquo;un r\u00e9glage fin des proc\u00e9dures de lavage \u00e0 contre-courant.<\/p>\n<p>Cependant, ces proc\u00e9dures r\u00e9actives sont difficiles \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler et ne permettent que de l\u00e9g\u00e8res am\u00e9liorations de l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 du traitement de l&rsquo;eau.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eafe83 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5eafe83\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"580\" height=\"379\" src=\"https:\/\/www.oseido.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/oseido-visuel-paysage-grd-04-1024x669.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-3483\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.oseido.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/oseido-visuel-paysage-grd-04-1024x669.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.oseido.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/oseido-visuel-paysage-grd-04-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.oseido.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/oseido-visuel-paysage-grd-04-768x502.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.oseido.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/oseido-visuel-paysage-grd-04-1536x1004.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.oseido.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/oseido-visuel-paysage-grd-04-1200x785.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.oseido.tech\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/oseido-visuel-paysage-grd-04.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d796cac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d796cac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<p><strong>Technologies avanc\u00e9es des membranes pour r\u00e9duire les limites des membranes et obtenir une meilleure efficacit\u00e9 du traitement de l&rsquo;eau et la production d&rsquo;eau potable.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Les mat\u00e9riaux membranaires avanc\u00e9s tels que l&rsquo;osmose directe, les membranes biomim\u00e9tiques, la distillation par membrane et les syst\u00e8mes membranaires hybrides constituent une option int\u00e9ressante pour les technologies \u00e0 venir. Ils am\u00e9liorent le traitement et le dessalement de l&rsquo;eau par rapport aux syst\u00e8mes conventionnels.<\/p>\n<p>Un syst\u00e8me membranaire hybride associe une unit\u00e9 de filtration \u00e0 membrane \u00e0 d&rsquo;autres processus tels que la coagulation, l&rsquo;adsorption par \u00e9change d&rsquo;ions ou un autre syst\u00e8me membranaire. L&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 et le choix des proc\u00e9d\u00e9s d\u00e9pendent de la qualit\u00e9 de l&rsquo;eau d&rsquo;alimentation et de l&rsquo;eau produite.<\/p>\n<p>Chaque station de traitement de l&rsquo;eau\/d\u00e9salinisation O.R. n\u00e9cessite une combinaison diff\u00e9rente de proc\u00e9d\u00e9s hybrides et de pr\u00e9traitement.<\/p>\n<p>L&rsquo;osmose directe est une technologie qui a fait l&rsquo;objet de nombreuses critiques en raison de ses promesses d&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. Ce qui est incontestable, c&rsquo;est que l&rsquo;OE pr\u00e9sente un avantage par rapport \u00e0 l&rsquo;OI car elle ne n\u00e9cessite pas de pression hydraulique comme force motrice. L&rsquo;OE a une solution concentr\u00e9e qui cr\u00e9e un effet osmotique. Cependant, cette solution doit \u00eatre coupl\u00e9e \u00e0 une source d&rsquo;\u00e9nergie \u00e9conomique, telle que la chaleur \u00e9vacu\u00e9e d&rsquo;une centrale \u00e9lectrique.<\/p>\n<p>La distillation par membrane (DM) offre des caract\u00e9ristiques int\u00e9ressantes pour le dessalement des eaux hautement sal\u00e9es. Cependant, l&rsquo;optimisation de la MD \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9chelle industrielle est limit\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>Le MD est une s\u00e9paration par voie thermique bas\u00e9e sur un proc\u00e9d\u00e9 membranaire MF, o\u00f9 seules les mol\u00e9cules de vapeur traversent une membrane hydrophobe avec une force motrice cr\u00e9\u00e9e par une diff\u00e9rence de pression de vapeur entre les deux surfaces de la membrane.<\/p>\n<p>Par rapport aux proc\u00e9d\u00e9s conventionnels, le MD a des pressions hydrostatiques et des temp\u00e9ratures de fonctionnement plus faibles. Le co\u00fbt des mat\u00e9riaux est r\u00e9duit car on peut utiliser des plastiques plus r\u00e9sistants et qui suppriment les probl\u00e8mes de corrosion.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-182f1aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"182f1aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\">Source : Nature.com &#8211; Clean Water &#8211; <em>Exploring the current state of play for cost-effective water<\/em> &#8211; N Hilal and CJ Wright<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3462,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-non-classe-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - 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